Academic integrity is the moral code or ethical policy of academia. This includes values such as avoidance of cheating or plagiarism; maintenance of academic standards; honesty and rigour in research and academic publishing.[1]
During the late 18th century, academic integrity tightly correlated to the southern honor code.
This was monitored mainly by the students and surrounding culture of
the time. The southern honor code focused on duty, pride, power, and
self-esteem.[2]
Any act promoting the up rising or building of any of these within an
individual was the goal. Thus, academic integrity was tied solely to the
status and appearance of up standing character of the individual. Any
acts of academic dishonesty performed to maintain their good name was seen as a necessary means to an end.
It wasn’t until the end of the 19th century when the goals of the
university changed that the concept of academic integrity changed.
Professors of this era were required to teach and produce original
research. The pressure to acquire tenure and publish added extra stress
to their jobs. Though acts of academic dishonesty were viewed as acts of
follies. Still, the southern honor code concept of academic integrity
was evolving into a more contemporary concept. Academic integrity was
now beginning to replace honor of the individual honor to the university
as an institution.[2]
Such an evolution was important to promote unity throughout the
academic institution and encourage students to hold each other
accountable for dishonest acts. It also allowed the students to feel
empowered through the self-monitoring of each other.
As the importance of original research grew among faculty members the
questioning of research integrity grew as well. With so much pressure
linked to their professional status professor were under intense
scrutiny by the surround society. This inevitably led to the separating
academic integrity ideals for student and faculty.[2]
Because of each groups different goal orientations it no longer made
sense to hold them to the same standards. By 1970 most school
established honor codes for their student body and faculty members.
In today’s contemporary world there are several factors that reshape the notion of academic integrity. Technology
is the most predominant factor. Its influence on the educational system
is twofold. It has greatly expanded the traditional views of teaching
and learning while challenging them. Technology’s largest contribution
to society has been its ability to make large amounts of information
available to millions of people simultaneously. Students growing up
during and after this phenomenon then have a skewed perception of what
ownership of information may entail. Previous generations were forced to
seek out direct sources of material in order to obtain that material.
Today however, a student can type in any keyword into an online search
engine and pull up hundreds of sources with different degrees of
relativity and possibly no stated authorship.
Thus, technology has changed the way information is viewed from an
entity created by a single individual to more of a communal property.
This in turn places pressures on the academic institution to acknowledge
this “collective intelligence” and reassess how it is used in
contemporary education. Therefore, academic integrity is now less an
individual character assessment and more of a social phenomenon.
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